The Constitution of the Caliphate State, the Caliph

Article 40: The issues which alter the state of the Caliph (Khalifah) and ,therefore, remove him from the Caliphate (Khilafah) are three:

1. If one of the contracting conditionsof the leadership of the State becomes deficient, such as if he apostatises, or commits flagrant sin, or becomes mad, or anything similar. This is because these are from the conditions of contracting, and the conditions of continuation.
2. The incapability to execute the duties of the Caliphate (Khilafah), for any reason whatsoever.
3. Coercion over him which makes him unable to independently act in the interests of the Muslims according to his opinion in agreement with the Shari’ah. So if an overpowering force could subdue him to the point that he became unable to govern the affairs of the subjects by his opinion alone according to the Shari’ah rules, he is considered legally incapable of executing the duties of the State, in which case he would be removed from the Caliphate (Khilafah). This could occur in two situations:      

The first situation: For an individual or group of individuals from his advisors to hold sway over him to the point they began to take full control of running the affairs. If it was believed that he could be liberated from their influence, he is admonished for a specific time, and if he does not remove their influence, then he is removed. And if it was not believed that he could be liberated, he is removed immediately.

The second situation: For him to become a prisoner in the hands of an overpowering enemy, either literally or by his submission to the influence of the enemy. This situation is evaluated – if it was hoped he could be liberated, then there is a delay until no such hope remains, and if there were no hope in his liberation, then he is removed; if there was no hope in his liberation, then he is removed immediately.

Article 41: The court of the Madhalim (injustices) is the only authority that can decide whether the change in the situation of the Caliph (Khalifah) removes him from the leadership or not, and it is the only authority that has the power to remove or warn him.